Friday, July 22, 2011

Girls eat only half their five-a-day

http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2011/jul/21/teenagers-children-diets-research-health

Girls eat only half their five-a-day - research
from SocietyGuardian - news, comment and analysis on the public and voluntary sectors | guardian.co.uk by Denis Campbell


Doctors express concern over high levels of saturated fat and too little fruit, vegetables and iron in many teenagers' diets
儿童食谱中饱和脂肪含量高,蔬菜、水果、铁含量太低,医生对此表示关注。

Doctors have voiced fears about teenagers' health after new government research showed that many children's diets contain too much saturated fat and too little fruit, vegetables and iron.
医生提醒市民注意,政府调查显示儿童膳食中饱和脂肪多,蔬菜水果和铁元素含量小。

Girls' eating habits emerged as a particular concern: those aged 11 to 18 consume on average only 2.7 of the recommended five portions a day of fruit and vegetables, with just 5% eating what official guidelines say are needed for good health. Boys the same age eat too little as well, with an average of 3.1 portions a day, and just 13% having the full five a day.
少女的饮食习惯引起社会关注,专家表示11-18岁年龄段每天需进食五份蔬菜水果,仅有5%少女饮食达标,总体平均每天消耗2.7份。男生情况类似,有13%达标,总体平均每天消耗3.1份。

Teenage girls are meant to consume 8mg a day of iron, but 44% do not do so, according to findings from the annual National Diet and Nutrition Surveys for 2008/09 and 2009/10. That suggests that they are eating too little bread, cereals, meat, meat products, fish, eggs and nuts.
少女每日需摄取8毫克铁,国家营养饮食调查委员会2008年9月至2009年10月数据显示,大约44%的少女没有达到标准。数据表明少女膳食中面包、谷物、肉和肉类产品,鱼、蛋以及坚果含量太少。

The results prompted the Department of Health to warn that children's "poor eating habits risk storing up a number of potential problems for later life, such as heart disease and some cancers".
卫生部发出警告:不良饮食习惯对日后健康造成印象,容易得诸如心脏病和癌症等疾病。

The survey also showed that children of all age groups continue to consume more than the recommended amount of saturated fats Adults typically get 12.8% of their food energy from these, which should not exceed 11%. It is the same with sugar: intake of non-milk extrinsic sugars – sugars that have been added to food or released during processing – provides more than the recommended 11% of food energy in 19- to 64-year-olds and children aged four and over.
此次调查表明,全年龄组饱和脂肪摄入均超标,成人每日摄取饱和脂肪所含能量占总摄入能量12.8%,超过11%的标准。糖的摄入亦超标,19-64岁年龄段,4岁以上儿童摄入各类添加糖的能量占总摄入能量超过11%的标准。

"These new figures show that a significant number of children are overweight, and equally worryingly, the majority of our teenagers don't eat as healthily as they should," said Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. "It's naive to think we can defuse the 'ticking time-bomb' of long-term effects on health with simply a nudge here and a nudge there. Voluntary agreements with industry are fine as far as they go but what will make a difference is an evidence-based, and possibly regulatory, approach to protecting and promoting our children's health."
“数字表明相当一部分儿童超重,大部分儿童饮食习惯不健康。”皇家学院儿科主任Terence Stephenson说,“不良饮食习惯影响健康是长期过程,那些认为我们能轻易拆除定时炸弹的想法相当幼稚,生产企业自律和监管非常重要,但要建立在科学研究、实验支撑的基础上,循序渐进,行之有效的改变。

Kawther Hashem, co-ordinator of the Children's Food Campaign, said: "We are highly concerned that teenagers' diets are becoming increasingly unhealthy, boosting their risk of heart disease, cancer and other illnesses as adults. The government has failed to acknowledge the role the junk food industry plays in undermining young people's health. As long as children and teenagers are bombarded by junk food marketing, they will be encouraged to make unhealthy dietary choices."
儿童饮食协会联络员Kawther Hashem说:”我们对儿童不良的饮食习惯感到忧虑,他们长大的过程中,得心脏病、癌症的几率相对增加。政府没有意识到垃圾食物工业正在损害儿童的健康,只要垃圾食物到处营销和广告轰炸,儿童就会养成不健康的饮食习惯。

Health minister Paul Burstow admitted that the population's food habits were a concern. "Over the last ten years we have not seen the improvements we should have," he said. He insisted the coalition's controversial public health policies, especially its responsibility deal involving food and alcohol producers as well as some health charities, would help tackle obesity.
卫生部长Paul Burstow表示政府已经注意到民众的饮食问题,他说:“过去10年来,我们没有看到本该有的进步。”他坚持联合政府的民众健康计划,特别是食品酒类生产商和健康慈善机构的联合立法,能够有效遏制肥胖。

But Hashem said it was "ridiculous for government to argue that companies like Mars, McDonald's, PepsiCo and Pizza Hut should write the government's health policies. They have no interest in young people eating more fruit and vegetables. They make their profits peddling sweets, fizzy drinks and processed foods."
Hashem反驳道:“玛氏、麦当劳、百事可乐、必胜客这些公司为政府制定健康政策,简直叫人笑掉大牙,他们对年轻人多吃水果蔬菜不感冒,相反,他们让年轻人多卖糖果、碳酸饮料和加工食品才能涨荷包。

More encouragingly, the Department of Health, which co-funded the studies, said: "Younger children's eating habits are improving, with parents taking positive steps to give their kids a healthier diet with fewer sweets, fizzy drinks, chocolate, and also switching them to high-fibre cereals. Comparing this survey with the previous survey in 1997, younger children (age 4-10) appear to be switching to high-fibre breakfast cereals from non-high-fibre cereals, eating more fruit and vegetables, and less confectionery and soft drinks," said a spokesman.
另外,卫生部资助此次研究,其发言人说:”当今年轻人的饮食习惯日趋合理,父母让孩子少吃糖果、巧克力,少喝碳酸饮料,多吃高纤维的谷物。与1997的调查相比较,现在4-10岁儿童吃更多高纤维谷物,更多水果,少吃糖果和少喝软性饮料。

Growing numbers of adults are now using lower-fat milk than before, while the general intake of transfats, which have been linked to heart disease, is well below the recommended maximum.
饮用低脂奶的成年人数增加,乳品中饱和脂肪会引致心血管疾病,低脂奶中的饱和脂肪比食用标准低很多。

Professor Dame Sally Davies, the chief medical officer, said it was important for teenagers to have a balanced diet in order to help ward off illnesses such as cancer and heart disease as adults.
英国主要医官,Dame Sally Davies教授称,儿童养成均衡饮食习惯对预防成人癌症和心血管疾病非常重要。

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