http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/evanosnos/2012/01/will-the-chinese-turn-against-the-iphone.html
Apple’s recent troubles have reached the Stewart threshold. When “The Daily Show” did a send-up of working conditions at Foxconn, the mammoth Apple manufacturer in China, Jon Stewart pointed to the news that some Foxconn workers had staged a protest and threatened to commit suicide en masse. Judging by the audience reaction to Stewart’s “Fear Factory” bit, his recent focus on the issue is in step with a dawning American sense of ickiness about what goes into the electronics we love.
The “Daily Show” piece was part of a crescendo that has plucked longstanding questions about Apple’s supply chain from the business and tech pages and thrust them into the mainstream. The radio program “This American Life” excerpted a version of “The Agony and the Ecstasy of Steve Jobs,” in which the monologist Mike Daisey performs his impressions of boarding a plane to Shenzhen, hiring a translator, and trying find out who made his Apple products. On Sunday, the Times subjected Apple to an exercise in economic archeology, holding up the iPhone like a shard of pottery from which to reconstruct the decline and fall of American manufacturing. (In many of these cases, Apple’s traditional refusal to respond in substance does not come off well. The approach used to appear stylishly aloof; now it just looks embarrassed.)
All of this makes it especially strange to hear that Apple had to shut down sales of the iPhone earlier this month after mobs of shoppers (and scalpers) went berserk at the store in Beijing. Huh? Is this the sweatshop-equivalent of the cognitive dissonance that allows working-class conservatives in America to imagine that Newt Gingrich has their best interests at heart?
Here are some possible explanations why shoppers in Beijing are not as aggrieved at Apple as Jon Stewart would be:
iPhone suicides, believe it or not, are not news to the Chinese. Nobody has done more aggressive reporting on the factory conditions at Foxconn than the Chinese press. Before foreigners noticed, newspapers in eastern and southern China were investigating the deaths of workers and Chinese bloggers were documenting more details about their daily lives than foreign visitors could hope to obtain. It’s one of those examples of how erratic the Chinese world of information is these days: the Chinese press is throttled on many issues, but when it concerns workplace conditions—or, better yet, a factory with a boss in Taiwan—the issue resonates with enough notes from old socialist hymns that it gets reported in astonishing detail.
Things have been even worse. As the columnist Nick Kristof put it in a comment on “This American Life,” “it’s a very awkward thing to defend sweatshops,” but consider the enduring effects of rural poverty: “My wife’s ancestral village is in southern China, not too far from Foxconn. And people in that village went from a really grim kind of lifestyle, basically in the rice paddies. And for them, and indeed for many Chinese, the grimness of factories like Foxconn was better than the grimness of rice paddies.” This doesn’t let Americans off the hook to care about it, but it helps you understand the Chinese view. For an in-depth look at the lives of assembly-line workers in China, consider reading “Factory Girls,” by Leslie Chang.
Factories are far away. How is it that so many men and women can covet iPhones to near-riot-levels, when they are only one or two relatives removed from the workers in those factories? Chinese buyers can be quick to boycott a brand that “hurts the feelings of the Chinese people,” so why not now? Perhaps it’s because the clamor for prosperity has atomized people to such a degree that it can be hard to recognize what anyone has in common. It’s easy to put aside a worker’s complaint, in other words, when you’re on the cusp—in reality or in the imagination—of leaving that life behind and saving up for an iPhone of your own.
Keywords Apple; China; Mike Daisey; Steve Jobs; This American Life; iphone
Monday, January 23, 2012
Tuesday, December 6, 2011
俄杜马选举
这两天国际时政焦点当属俄杜马选举，先来一篇环球评论调整下口味，后面会分别译出西方评论。
http://opinion.huanqiu.com/roll/2011-12/2235957.html
这种说法有没有道理，让我们用心去观察吧。
http://opinion.huanqiu.com/roll/2011-12/2235957.html
社评：俄选票流向变化的多重启示
摘要：中国社会的理性将长期面临冲击和考验。中国必须走向民主，但要通过学习和政治创新获得高于西方社会的活力，而不能把西方的东西在我们巨大的国家里生搬硬套，把我们自己变成“亚西方国家”，甘居政治竞争及综合竞争的下游。
支持普京的统一俄罗斯党在国家杜马选举中获得勉强一半的选票，比该党预期的少很多。西方舆论一致认为，这次选举是普京的“重大挫折”，与一天前对该选举是“徒有其表”甚至“胡闹”的愤怒指责相比，昨天的西方舆论普遍挺高兴的。
这件事告诉我们，在互联网时代，民意不是那么容易“操纵”的。西方对非西方国家这方面的指责有些有根据，但有很多是夸张及大批判式的。一个国家政治制度在多大程度上是合理或不合理的，评判权决不能由西方垄断。
因为这次支持普京的统一俄罗斯党得票率大幅下降，这个变化趋势西方愿意看到，他们的评判调门也随之发生变化。但统一俄罗斯党毕竟保住了杜马多数席位， 继续成为执政党，西方舆论于是有所保留。他们的评论是绕着弯的：尽管这次选举执政党做了大量手脚，但普京仍然遭受“重大挫折”。
由于普京是对西方奉行强硬政策的象征，把他选上来和把他选下去的结果，而非过程的公正与否，更像是西方认定俄罗斯选举属于“假民主”或“真民主”的真正政治基线。
俄罗斯选票流向的变化还告诉我们，在西方式民主条件下，长期保持社会大的政治共识是困难的。社会的政治分裂很容易出现，在走向这种民主的同时，社会必须有能力驾驭这样的分裂，使它不造成破坏性后果。
一旦引入竞争性选举，一党长期执政遭遇挑战大概是迟早的事。西方用几百年时间形成对政党轮替的熟练使用，东方国家能否在不付出很大社会代价的情况下，用较短时间“学好”这种政治模式，现在尚无令人信服的答案。
东方国家接受西方政治最彻底的是日本，但日本的自民党一党执政在选举条件下持续了50多年，那段时间总体上是日本发展最快的时期，当前日本频换首相、国家无法做出重大改革决定，日本显然并未走完它的政治过渡。
如果俄罗斯当前的选举文化定型下来，统一俄罗斯党终有一天下台是可以预期的。脱离普京路线的俄罗斯将如何处理国家的权力分配，显然也有不确定性。
人类对国家制度层面的政治学知识相当匮乏。尽管从理性的角度看，人类不可能只有一种社会治理模式，世界在西方制度下的“一元化”不是人类文明的福音。但西方现在试图将这种“一元化”在世界范围内强行推进，并努力论证这样做的政治合法性。
中国社会的理性将长期面临冲击和考验。中国必须走向民主，但要通过学习和政治创新获得高于西方社会的活力，而不能把西方的东西在我们巨大的国家里生搬硬套，把我们自己变成“亚西方国家”，甘居政治竞争及综合竞争的下游。
意识形态在世界的流传从来都是服务于利益扩张的。西方对非西方国家现在也正是这样做的。有人在分析西方对中国的“西化”和“分化”时说，西方真正愿意 的是“分化”中国，而中国的“西化”只应当是一定程度上的。如果中国被完全“西化”，却没有“分化”，甚至更团结，这比今天的中国更不符合西方的利益。
这种说法有没有道理，让我们用心去观察吧。
Saturday, October 15, 2011
社交媒体重定位
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/15/world/asia/china-social-media-rules-weighed.html?ref=technology
China: Social Media Rules Weighed
Published: October 14, 2011
With the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party scheduled to begin meeting Saturday, Wang Chen, a senior propaganda official, said that social media need to be more tightly regulated. The government seems likely to follow through on many hints that it would step up regulation of various Twitter-like microblogs like Weibo, said Bill Bishop, an independent analyst specializing in social media.
一名高级宣传干部陈旺（音译）称，政府需对社交媒体加强监管。 中共中央委员预定本周六开会。
社交媒体独立分析人士比尔· 毕夏普表示，种种迹象表示中国政府倾向对多个与Twiiter相似的微博网站加以控制，比如新浪微博（Weibo.com）。
Sunday, August 21, 2011
Tuesday, August 16, 2011
Tuesday, July 26, 2011
A Step Toward Trust With China
纽时社论原文在此，对比阅读人民网和环球时报的三篇编译，不能不说是“选择性失明“吧。
http://world.people.com.cn/GB/14683306.html
http://world.people.com.cn/GB/57507/15253386.html
http://mil.huanqiu.com/Observation/2011-07/1849522.html
Op-Ed Contributor
A Step Toward Trust With China
By MIKE MULLEN
THE military relationship between the United States and China is one of the world’s most important. And yet, clouded by some misunderstanding and suspicion, it remains among the most challenging. There are issues on which we disagree and are tempted to confront each other. But there are crucial areas where our interests coincide, on which we must work together.
美中之间的军事关系是世界上最重要的。至目前为止，虽然双方有一些误解和猜忌，但是两国在一些关键领域仍存有共同利益，我们要为此努力。
So we need to make the relationship better, by seeking strategic trust.
两国战略互信，才能使双方关系更进一步。
How do we do that?
我们该怎样做？
First, we’ve got to keep talking. Dialogue is critical.
首先，两国需要展开对话，对话是异常重要的。
A good bit of misunderstanding between our militaries can be cleared up by reaching out to each other. We don’t have to give away secrets to make our intentions clear, just open up a little.
两国军队之间的误解有相当一部分可以通过接触来消除。双方不必暴露各自的军事机密来表明诚意，只需开放，加强交流。
That’s why I invited my counterpart in the People’s Liberation Army, Gen. Chen Bingde, to the United States in May, and it’s why he was my host in China two weeks ago. We broke new ground by, among other things, showing him Predator drone capabilities in detail and a live-fire exercise; the Chinese reciprocated with a tour of their latest submarine, a close look at an SU-27 jet fighter and a complex counterterrorism exercise.
因此我邀请对方同级官员，中国人民解放军陈秉德将军将军5月访美，礼尚往来，在陈将军的邀请下，两周前我也访问了中国。双方有突破性进展，我们向中方展示了掠食者无人侦察机的打击能力以及实弹演习【人民网译为“救火“演习】；中方回馈，向我方展示了最新型潜艇，苏-27战机，以及反恐作战演习。
Our discussions were candid and forthright. General Chen made no bones about his concerns about American arms sales to Taiwan, and I made it clear that the United States military will not shrink from our responsibilities to allies and partners. He said the P.L.A.’s strategic intentions were purely defensive; I said that neither the skills they were perfecting nor their investments seemed to support that argument.
双方对话坦白直率。陈将军亦毫无保留，表示关切美国对台军售问题，他称，中国人民解放军的战略意图纯粹是防卫性的。我重申美国军方一定履行作为战略伙伴的义务，并指出解放军的战术素养及军费投入都无法证明它是“防卫性“的。
Not exactly cordial, but at least we were talking.
虽然谈不上很诚恳，但至少我们在对话。
Second, we need to focus on the things we have in common.
第二，两国需要求同。
We’re both maritime nations with long coastlines and economies dependent on unhindered trade. We both face threats of drug trafficking, piracy and the movement of weapons of mass destruction. We both want stability on the Korean Peninsula and in Pakistan. We both recognize the need for coordinated international humanitarian aid and disaster relief.
两国同是拥有长长海岸线的海洋国家，经济都依赖自由贸易，同样面对来自毒品，走私以及大规模杀伤性武器的威胁，同样希望朝鲜半岛和平，同样认同国际人道主义援助以及扶贫的理念。
These are challenges we can tackle together, and missions we can plan and train for, and perhaps someday execute side by side. Our staffs signed a few initiatives in that regard, including a commitment to conduct joint counter-piracy exercises in the Gulf of Aden this year.
两国需要共同面对，解决一些问题，终有一天会并肩前进。在这种愿望下，美中将开展一系列军事交流项目，包括今年在亚丁湾进行联合反海盗演习。
Good steps all, but there is a long way to go.
迈出有进展性的步伐，后面仍有相当长一段路。
We still don’t see eye-to-eye with China over military operating rights in the South China Sea. We still don’t fully understand China’s justification for the rapid growth in its defense spending or its long-term military modernization goals. And we don’t believe that China should be allowed to resolve disputes in contested waters by coercing smaller nations. Instead, as Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton has made clear, we advocate a collaborative diplomatic process among all parties to resolve disputes under international law. And we need better mechanisms to deal with inevitable tensions.
我们始终不认为中方拥有在南中国海调配军队的权利，也看不清楚中国在军费快速增长和长期军队现代化建设后面的真实意图，我们也不相信中国能够（被国际允许）通过压制弱小邻国来解决南海边界争端。
That said, these sticking points aren’t all bad. It’s all right to disagree sometimes, to have substantial differences.
有争议不全是坏事情，观点相左的情况时有发生，也是很正常的。
In fact, sometimes bluntness and honesty are exactly what’s needed to create strategic trust. And we will need more of it. Our military relations have only recently begun to thaw, but China’s government still uses them as a sort of thermostat to communicate displeasure. When they don’t like something we do, they cut off ties. That can’t be the model anymore. Nor can we, for our part, swing between engagement and over-reaction. That’s why the commitment by President Obama and President Hu Jintao to improve military-to-military relations is so important. Real trust has to start somewhere. And it shouldn’t be subject to shifting political winds.
事实上，取得战略互信，有时候需要双方更加坦诚，互相退让。美中军方间的关系开始回暖，但中方仍利用这种关系，在不认同我们某些做法的时候，切断双方联系。这种模式不能再持续下去了。同样，美方也不能采取在对话和过度反应之间摇摆的办法。因此奥巴马总统与胡锦涛总书记均认为加强双边军事合作非常重要。真正的互信要从某处开始，并且不受政治风向影响。
So, General Chen and I are considering more frequent discussions, more exercises, more personnel exchanges. We both believe that the younger generation of military officers is ready for closer contact, and that upon their shoulders rests the best hope for deeper, more meaningful trust.
我和陈将军都同意加强讨论，多搞联合演习和个人交流。我和他都认为年轻一代军官都已经准备好对话，以良好的愿望和心态迎接更深入的互信。
I’m not naïve. I understand the concerns of those who feel that any cooperation benefits China more than the United States. I just don’t agree. This relationship is too important to manage through blind suspicion and mistrust. We’ve tried that. It doesn’t work.
我不是想入非非，并且了解某些人认为加强合作有益于中国多于我国自身，我不同意这种观点，美中关系太重要了，过去的经验证明，盲目和猜忌不能解决问题。
I’m not suggesting we look the other way on serious issues, that we abandon healthy skepticism, or that we change our military’s focus on the region. But we need to keep communication open and work hard to improve each interaction.
我并不建议抛弃正确的审时度势，使用别的方式处理重大问题，或者改变我军在亚太地区的部署方针。但是美中双方需要加强沟通，努力改善关系。
We can shrink from this opportunity, or rise to it. We can let narrow interests and suspicion define our relationship, or work toward more transparency, more pragmatic expectations of each other, and more focus on our common challenges. That would be a great start toward strategic trust.
面对如此机遇，我国可以选择退缩，也可以从中变得强大；可以靠盲目猜忌去处理双边关系，也可以通过更长远的眼光，更加灵活的手法来迎接双方的共同挑战。这将是两国战略互信的一个重要开始。
Mike Mullen, a Navy admiral, is the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
麦克·马伦，海军上将，系参谋长联席会议主席
http://world.people.com.cn/GB/14683306.html
http://world.people.com.cn/GB/57507/15253386.html
http://mil.huanqiu.com/Observation/2011-07/1849522.html
Op-Ed Contributor
A Step Toward Trust With China
By MIKE MULLEN
THE military relationship between the United States and China is one of the world’s most important. And yet, clouded by some misunderstanding and suspicion, it remains among the most challenging. There are issues on which we disagree and are tempted to confront each other. But there are crucial areas where our interests coincide, on which we must work together.
美中之间的军事关系是世界上最重要的。至目前为止，虽然双方有一些误解和猜忌，但是两国在一些关键领域仍存有共同利益，我们要为此努力。
So we need to make the relationship better, by seeking strategic trust.
两国战略互信，才能使双方关系更进一步。
How do we do that?
我们该怎样做？
First, we’ve got to keep talking. Dialogue is critical.
首先，两国需要展开对话，对话是异常重要的。
A good bit of misunderstanding between our militaries can be cleared up by reaching out to each other. We don’t have to give away secrets to make our intentions clear, just open up a little.
两国军队之间的误解有相当一部分可以通过接触来消除。双方不必暴露各自的军事机密来表明诚意，只需开放，加强交流。
That’s why I invited my counterpart in the People’s Liberation Army, Gen. Chen Bingde, to the United States in May, and it’s why he was my host in China two weeks ago. We broke new ground by, among other things, showing him Predator drone capabilities in detail and a live-fire exercise; the Chinese reciprocated with a tour of their latest submarine, a close look at an SU-27 jet fighter and a complex counterterrorism exercise.
因此我邀请对方同级官员，中国人民解放军陈秉德将军将军5月访美，礼尚往来，在陈将军的邀请下，两周前我也访问了中国。双方有突破性进展，我们向中方展示了掠食者无人侦察机的打击能力以及实弹演习【人民网译为“救火“演习】；中方回馈，向我方展示了最新型潜艇，苏-27战机，以及反恐作战演习。
Our discussions were candid and forthright. General Chen made no bones about his concerns about American arms sales to Taiwan, and I made it clear that the United States military will not shrink from our responsibilities to allies and partners. He said the P.L.A.’s strategic intentions were purely defensive; I said that neither the skills they were perfecting nor their investments seemed to support that argument.
双方对话坦白直率。陈将军亦毫无保留，表示关切美国对台军售问题，他称，中国人民解放军的战略意图纯粹是防卫性的。我重申美国军方一定履行作为战略伙伴的义务，并指出解放军的战术素养及军费投入都无法证明它是“防卫性“的。
Not exactly cordial, but at least we were talking.
虽然谈不上很诚恳，但至少我们在对话。
Second, we need to focus on the things we have in common.
第二，两国需要求同。
We’re both maritime nations with long coastlines and economies dependent on unhindered trade. We both face threats of drug trafficking, piracy and the movement of weapons of mass destruction. We both want stability on the Korean Peninsula and in Pakistan. We both recognize the need for coordinated international humanitarian aid and disaster relief.
两国同是拥有长长海岸线的海洋国家，经济都依赖自由贸易，同样面对来自毒品，走私以及大规模杀伤性武器的威胁，同样希望朝鲜半岛和平，同样认同国际人道主义援助以及扶贫的理念。
These are challenges we can tackle together, and missions we can plan and train for, and perhaps someday execute side by side. Our staffs signed a few initiatives in that regard, including a commitment to conduct joint counter-piracy exercises in the Gulf of Aden this year.
两国需要共同面对，解决一些问题，终有一天会并肩前进。在这种愿望下，美中将开展一系列军事交流项目，包括今年在亚丁湾进行联合反海盗演习。
Good steps all, but there is a long way to go.
迈出有进展性的步伐，后面仍有相当长一段路。
We still don’t see eye-to-eye with China over military operating rights in the South China Sea. We still don’t fully understand China’s justification for the rapid growth in its defense spending or its long-term military modernization goals. And we don’t believe that China should be allowed to resolve disputes in contested waters by coercing smaller nations. Instead, as Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton has made clear, we advocate a collaborative diplomatic process among all parties to resolve disputes under international law. And we need better mechanisms to deal with inevitable tensions.
我们始终不认为中方拥有在南中国海调配军队的权利，也看不清楚中国在军费快速增长和长期军队现代化建设后面的真实意图，我们也不相信中国能够（被国际允许）通过压制弱小邻国来解决南海边界争端。
That said, these sticking points aren’t all bad. It’s all right to disagree sometimes, to have substantial differences.
有争议不全是坏事情，观点相左的情况时有发生，也是很正常的。
In fact, sometimes bluntness and honesty are exactly what’s needed to create strategic trust. And we will need more of it. Our military relations have only recently begun to thaw, but China’s government still uses them as a sort of thermostat to communicate displeasure. When they don’t like something we do, they cut off ties. That can’t be the model anymore. Nor can we, for our part, swing between engagement and over-reaction. That’s why the commitment by President Obama and President Hu Jintao to improve military-to-military relations is so important. Real trust has to start somewhere. And it shouldn’t be subject to shifting political winds.
事实上，取得战略互信，有时候需要双方更加坦诚，互相退让。美中军方间的关系开始回暖，但中方仍利用这种关系，在不认同我们某些做法的时候，切断双方联系。这种模式不能再持续下去了。同样，美方也不能采取在对话和过度反应之间摇摆的办法。因此奥巴马总统与胡锦涛总书记均认为加强双边军事合作非常重要。真正的互信要从某处开始，并且不受政治风向影响。
So, General Chen and I are considering more frequent discussions, more exercises, more personnel exchanges. We both believe that the younger generation of military officers is ready for closer contact, and that upon their shoulders rests the best hope for deeper, more meaningful trust.
我和陈将军都同意加强讨论，多搞联合演习和个人交流。我和他都认为年轻一代军官都已经准备好对话，以良好的愿望和心态迎接更深入的互信。
I’m not naïve. I understand the concerns of those who feel that any cooperation benefits China more than the United States. I just don’t agree. This relationship is too important to manage through blind suspicion and mistrust. We’ve tried that. It doesn’t work.
我不是想入非非，并且了解某些人认为加强合作有益于中国多于我国自身，我不同意这种观点，美中关系太重要了，过去的经验证明，盲目和猜忌不能解决问题。
I’m not suggesting we look the other way on serious issues, that we abandon healthy skepticism, or that we change our military’s focus on the region. But we need to keep communication open and work hard to improve each interaction.
我并不建议抛弃正确的审时度势，使用别的方式处理重大问题，或者改变我军在亚太地区的部署方针。但是美中双方需要加强沟通，努力改善关系。
We can shrink from this opportunity, or rise to it. We can let narrow interests and suspicion define our relationship, or work toward more transparency, more pragmatic expectations of each other, and more focus on our common challenges. That would be a great start toward strategic trust.
面对如此机遇，我国可以选择退缩，也可以从中变得强大；可以靠盲目猜忌去处理双边关系，也可以通过更长远的眼光，更加灵活的手法来迎接双方的共同挑战。这将是两国战略互信的一个重要开始。
Mike Mullen, a Navy admiral, is the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
麦克·马伦，海军上将，系参谋长联席会议主席
Friday, July 22, 2011
Girls eat only half their five-a-day
http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2011/jul/21/teenagers-children-diets-research-health
Girls eat only half their five-a-day - research
from SocietyGuardian - news, comment and analysis on the public and voluntary sectors | guardian.co.uk by Denis Campbell
Doctors express concern over high levels of saturated fat and too little fruit, vegetables and iron in many teenagers' diets
儿童食谱中饱和脂肪含量高，蔬菜、水果、铁含量太低，医生对此表示关注。
Doctors have voiced fears about teenagers' health after new government research showed that many children's diets contain too much saturated fat and too little fruit, vegetables and iron.
医生提醒市民注意，政府调查显示儿童膳食中饱和脂肪多，蔬菜水果和铁元素含量小。
Girls' eating habits emerged as a particular concern: those aged 11 to 18 consume on average only 2.7 of the recommended five portions a day of fruit and vegetables, with just 5% eating what official guidelines say are needed for good health. Boys the same age eat too little as well, with an average of 3.1 portions a day, and just 13% having the full five a day.
少女的饮食习惯引起社会关注，专家表示11-18岁年龄段每天需进食五份蔬菜水果，仅有5%少女饮食达标，总体平均每天消耗2.7份。男生情况类似，有13%达标，总体平均每天消耗3.1份。
Teenage girls are meant to consume 8mg a day of iron, but 44% do not do so, according to findings from the annual National Diet and Nutrition Surveys for 2008/09 and 2009/10. That suggests that they are eating too little bread, cereals, meat, meat products, fish, eggs and nuts.
少女每日需摄取8毫克铁，国家营养饮食调查委员会2008年9月至2009年10月数据显示，大约44%的少女没有达到标准。数据表明少女膳食中面包、谷物、肉和肉类产品，鱼、蛋以及坚果含量太少。
The results prompted the Department of Health to warn that children's "poor eating habits risk storing up a number of potential problems for later life, such as heart disease and some cancers".
卫生部发出警告：不良饮食习惯对日后健康造成印象，容易得诸如心脏病和癌症等疾病。
The survey also showed that children of all age groups continue to consume more than the recommended amount of saturated fats Adults typically get 12.8% of their food energy from these, which should not exceed 11%. It is the same with sugar: intake of non-milk extrinsic sugars – sugars that have been added to food or released during processing – provides more than the recommended 11% of food energy in 19- to 64-year-olds and children aged four and over.
此次调查表明，全年龄组饱和脂肪摄入均超标，成人每日摄取饱和脂肪所含能量占总摄入能量12.8%，超过11%的标准。糖的摄入亦超标，19-64岁年龄段，4岁以上儿童摄入各类添加糖的能量占总摄入能量超过11%的标准。
"These new figures show that a significant number of children are overweight, and equally worryingly, the majority of our teenagers don't eat as healthily as they should," said Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. "It's naive to think we can defuse the 'ticking time-bomb' of long-term effects on health with simply a nudge here and a nudge there. Voluntary agreements with industry are fine as far as they go but what will make a difference is an evidence-based, and possibly regulatory, approach to protecting and promoting our children's health."
“数字表明相当一部分儿童超重，大部分儿童饮食习惯不健康。”皇家学院儿科主任Terence Stephenson说，“不良饮食习惯影响健康是长期过程，那些认为我们能轻易拆除定时炸弹的想法相当幼稚，生产企业自律和监管非常重要，但要建立在科学研究、实验支撑的基础上，循序渐进，行之有效的改变。
Kawther Hashem, co-ordinator of the Children's Food Campaign, said: "We are highly concerned that teenagers' diets are becoming increasingly unhealthy, boosting their risk of heart disease, cancer and other illnesses as adults. The government has failed to acknowledge the role the junk food industry plays in undermining young people's health. As long as children and teenagers are bombarded by junk food marketing, they will be encouraged to make unhealthy dietary choices."
儿童饮食协会联络员Kawther Hashem说：”我们对儿童不良的饮食习惯感到忧虑，他们长大的过程中，得心脏病、癌症的几率相对增加。政府没有意识到垃圾食物工业正在损害儿童的健康，只要垃圾食物到处营销和广告轰炸，儿童就会养成不健康的饮食习惯。
Health minister Paul Burstow admitted that the population's food habits were a concern. "Over the last ten years we have not seen the improvements we should have," he said. He insisted the coalition's controversial public health policies, especially its responsibility deal involving food and alcohol producers as well as some health charities, would help tackle obesity.
卫生部长Paul Burstow表示政府已经注意到民众的饮食问题，他说：“过去10年来，我们没有看到本该有的进步。”他坚持联合政府的民众健康计划，特别是食品酒类生产商和健康慈善机构的联合立法，能够有效遏制肥胖。
But Hashem said it was "ridiculous for government to argue that companies like Mars, McDonald's, PepsiCo and Pizza Hut should write the government's health policies. They have no interest in young people eating more fruit and vegetables. They make their profits peddling sweets, fizzy drinks and processed foods."
Hashem反驳道：“玛氏、麦当劳、百事可乐、必胜客这些公司为政府制定健康政策，简直叫人笑掉大牙，他们对年轻人多吃水果蔬菜不感冒，相反，他们让年轻人多卖糖果、碳酸饮料和加工食品才能涨荷包。
More encouragingly, the Department of Health, which co-funded the studies, said: "Younger children's eating habits are improving, with parents taking positive steps to give their kids a healthier diet with fewer sweets, fizzy drinks, chocolate, and also switching them to high-fibre cereals. Comparing this survey with the previous survey in 1997, younger children (age 4-10) appear to be switching to high-fibre breakfast cereals from non-high-fibre cereals, eating more fruit and vegetables, and less confectionery and soft drinks," said a spokesman.
另外，卫生部资助此次研究，其发言人说：”当今年轻人的饮食习惯日趋合理，父母让孩子少吃糖果、巧克力，少喝碳酸饮料，多吃高纤维的谷物。与1997的调查相比较，现在4-10岁儿童吃更多高纤维谷物，更多水果，少吃糖果和少喝软性饮料。
Growing numbers of adults are now using lower-fat milk than before, while the general intake of transfats, which have been linked to heart disease, is well below the recommended maximum.
饮用低脂奶的成年人数增加，乳品中饱和脂肪会引致心血管疾病，低脂奶中的饱和脂肪比食用标准低很多。
Professor Dame Sally Davies, the chief medical officer, said it was important for teenagers to have a balanced diet in order to help ward off illnesses such as cancer and heart disease as adults.
英国主要医官，Dame Sally Davies教授称，儿童养成均衡饮食习惯对预防成人癌症和心血管疾病非常重要。
from SocietyGuardian - news, comment and analysis on the public and voluntary sectors | guardian.co.uk by Denis Campbell
Doctors express concern over high levels of saturated fat and too little fruit, vegetables and iron in many teenagers' diets
儿童食谱中饱和脂肪含量高，蔬菜、水果、铁含量太低，医生对此表示关注。
Doctors have voiced fears about teenagers' health after new government research showed that many children's diets contain too much saturated fat and too little fruit, vegetables and iron.
医生提醒市民注意，政府调查显示儿童膳食中饱和脂肪多，蔬菜水果和铁元素含量小。
Girls' eating habits emerged as a particular concern: those aged 11 to 18 consume on average only 2.7 of the recommended five portions a day of fruit and vegetables, with just 5% eating what official guidelines say are needed for good health. Boys the same age eat too little as well, with an average of 3.1 portions a day, and just 13% having the full five a day.
少女的饮食习惯引起社会关注，专家表示11-18岁年龄段每天需进食五份蔬菜水果，仅有5%少女饮食达标，总体平均每天消耗2.7份。男生情况类似，有13%达标，总体平均每天消耗3.1份。
Teenage girls are meant to consume 8mg a day of iron, but 44% do not do so, according to findings from the annual National Diet and Nutrition Surveys for 2008/09 and 2009/10. That suggests that they are eating too little bread, cereals, meat, meat products, fish, eggs and nuts.
少女每日需摄取8毫克铁，国家营养饮食调查委员会2008年9月至2009年10月数据显示，大约44%的少女没有达到标准。数据表明少女膳食中面包、谷物、肉和肉类产品，鱼、蛋以及坚果含量太少。
The results prompted the Department of Health to warn that children's "poor eating habits risk storing up a number of potential problems for later life, such as heart disease and some cancers".
卫生部发出警告：不良饮食习惯对日后健康造成印象，容易得诸如心脏病和癌症等疾病。
The survey also showed that children of all age groups continue to consume more than the recommended amount of saturated fats Adults typically get 12.8% of their food energy from these, which should not exceed 11%. It is the same with sugar: intake of non-milk extrinsic sugars – sugars that have been added to food or released during processing – provides more than the recommended 11% of food energy in 19- to 64-year-olds and children aged four and over.
此次调查表明，全年龄组饱和脂肪摄入均超标，成人每日摄取饱和脂肪所含能量占总摄入能量12.8%，超过11%的标准。糖的摄入亦超标，19-64岁年龄段，4岁以上儿童摄入各类添加糖的能量占总摄入能量超过11%的标准。
"These new figures show that a significant number of children are overweight, and equally worryingly, the majority of our teenagers don't eat as healthily as they should," said Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. "It's naive to think we can defuse the 'ticking time-bomb' of long-term effects on health with simply a nudge here and a nudge there. Voluntary agreements with industry are fine as far as they go but what will make a difference is an evidence-based, and possibly regulatory, approach to protecting and promoting our children's health."
“数字表明相当一部分儿童超重，大部分儿童饮食习惯不健康。”皇家学院儿科主任Terence Stephenson说，“不良饮食习惯影响健康是长期过程，那些认为我们能轻易拆除定时炸弹的想法相当幼稚，生产企业自律和监管非常重要，但要建立在科学研究、实验支撑的基础上，循序渐进，行之有效的改变。
Kawther Hashem, co-ordinator of the Children's Food Campaign, said: "We are highly concerned that teenagers' diets are becoming increasingly unhealthy, boosting their risk of heart disease, cancer and other illnesses as adults. The government has failed to acknowledge the role the junk food industry plays in undermining young people's health. As long as children and teenagers are bombarded by junk food marketing, they will be encouraged to make unhealthy dietary choices."
儿童饮食协会联络员Kawther Hashem说：”我们对儿童不良的饮食习惯感到忧虑，他们长大的过程中，得心脏病、癌症的几率相对增加。政府没有意识到垃圾食物工业正在损害儿童的健康，只要垃圾食物到处营销和广告轰炸，儿童就会养成不健康的饮食习惯。
Health minister Paul Burstow admitted that the population's food habits were a concern. "Over the last ten years we have not seen the improvements we should have," he said. He insisted the coalition's controversial public health policies, especially its responsibility deal involving food and alcohol producers as well as some health charities, would help tackle obesity.
卫生部长Paul Burstow表示政府已经注意到民众的饮食问题，他说：“过去10年来，我们没有看到本该有的进步。”他坚持联合政府的民众健康计划，特别是食品酒类生产商和健康慈善机构的联合立法，能够有效遏制肥胖。
But Hashem said it was "ridiculous for government to argue that companies like Mars, McDonald's, PepsiCo and Pizza Hut should write the government's health policies. They have no interest in young people eating more fruit and vegetables. They make their profits peddling sweets, fizzy drinks and processed foods."
Hashem反驳道：“玛氏、麦当劳、百事可乐、必胜客这些公司为政府制定健康政策，简直叫人笑掉大牙，他们对年轻人多吃水果蔬菜不感冒，相反，他们让年轻人多卖糖果、碳酸饮料和加工食品才能涨荷包。
More encouragingly, the Department of Health, which co-funded the studies, said: "Younger children's eating habits are improving, with parents taking positive steps to give their kids a healthier diet with fewer sweets, fizzy drinks, chocolate, and also switching them to high-fibre cereals. Comparing this survey with the previous survey in 1997, younger children (age 4-10) appear to be switching to high-fibre breakfast cereals from non-high-fibre cereals, eating more fruit and vegetables, and less confectionery and soft drinks," said a spokesman.
另外，卫生部资助此次研究，其发言人说：”当今年轻人的饮食习惯日趋合理，父母让孩子少吃糖果、巧克力，少喝碳酸饮料，多吃高纤维的谷物。与1997的调查相比较，现在4-10岁儿童吃更多高纤维谷物，更多水果，少吃糖果和少喝软性饮料。
Growing numbers of adults are now using lower-fat milk than before, while the general intake of transfats, which have been linked to heart disease, is well below the recommended maximum.
饮用低脂奶的成年人数增加，乳品中饱和脂肪会引致心血管疾病，低脂奶中的饱和脂肪比食用标准低很多。
Professor Dame Sally Davies, the chief medical officer, said it was important for teenagers to have a balanced diet in order to help ward off illnesses such as cancer and heart disease as adults.
英国主要医官，Dame Sally Davies教授称，儿童养成均衡饮食习惯对预防成人癌症和心血管疾病非常重要。
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