Fwd: 思考，快与慢

该书出现了球与球拍的例子，似乎哪里见过？

《美国科学院院报》最近报道了损耗对判决的影响这一问题的研究情况。在这项研究中，8位不知情的受试者全部是以色列的保释官。他们每天都要审阅保释申请，而且不是按这些保释申请的时间顺序审阅的，这些保释官在每份申请上所用的时间很少，平均只有6分钟。（弃权相当于拒绝保释，只有35%的申请能获准通过。这些保释官作出每个决定所用的时间都有精确的记录，而且他们一日三餐的餐歇时间也有记录，分别是早餐时间、午餐时间和午间休息时间。）这项研究的设计者对两次餐歇间所能获得批准的申请数量进行了预测，结果发现每次用餐过后，获得批准的申请数量都会增加，有约65%的申请得到了批准。在保释官下一次用餐前的约两个小时内，批准率就开始稳步下降，在用餐之前刚好达到零。如你预想，这种结果令人难以接受，但各位设计者已经认真审核并排除了很多其他的原因。对这个数据最合理的解释却带来了负面信息：又累又饿的保释官容易否定保释申请。疲劳和饥饿都有可能影响他们的决定。

Fwd: 南航广州/伦敦 15MAY/20MAY 票价

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: <no-reply@evernote.com>
Date: Thu, Apr 17, 2014 at 2:02 AM
Subject: 南航广州/伦敦 15MAY/20MAY 票价
To: @gmail.com

send via @evernote

南航广州/伦敦 15MAY/20MAY 票价

南方航空非常有意思，国际票价在官网上的FARE BASIS在CRS ETERM上不适用。测试时间4/17/2014 1:03 AM

rt                                                                           
1.  CZ303  E   TH15MAY  CANLHR DK1   0930 1525          787 C 0 RE --T4    
2.  CZ304  E   TU20MAY  LHRCAN DK1   2235 1720+1        787 C 0 RE T4--

qte:/cz                                                                      
FSI/CZ                                                                        
S CZ   303E15MAY CAN0930 1525LHR0S    787                                     
S CZ   304E20MAY LHR2235>1720CAN0S    787                                     
01 ELESQE6             10043 CNY                    INCL TAX                  
*SYSTEM DEFAULT-CHECK OPERATING CARRIER                                       
*TKT STOCK RESTR                                                              
*ATTN PRICED ON 17APR14*0050                                                  
CAN                                                                          
LON ELESQE6         NVB15MAY NVA15MAY 1PC                                    
CAN ELESQE6         NVB20MAY NVA20MAY 1PC                                    
FARE  CNY    6200                                                             
TAX   CNY     90CN CNY    888GB CNY   2865XT                                  
TOTAL CNY   10043                                                             
15MAY14CAN CZ LON505.62CZ CAN505.62NUC1011.24END ROE6.130990                  
XT CNY 415UB CNY 50YQ CNY 2400YR                                              
ENDOS *Q/NONEND                                                               
ENDOS *PENALTY/NOSHOW APPLIES                                                 
*AUTO BAGGAGE INFORMATION AVAILABLE - SEE FSB                                 
RFSONLN/1E /EFEP_19/FCC=T/

Evernote helps you remember everything and get organized effortlessly. Download Evernote.

21Feb14

發信人: feidaowang (小李飛刀的飛刀), 信區: Military

標  題: Re: 一人一票制民主真的有很大問題

發信站: BBS 未名空間站 (Thu Feb 20 00:31:32 2014, 美東)

憑啥﹖這塊土地的原主人沒了﹐誰佔了就是誰的。國內的有限資源留給國內的兄弟姐妹

了﹐我們要給我們後代打下大大的一片土地。

【 在 Trotsky (列夫‧達維多維奇‧托洛茨基) 的大作中提到: 】

: 沒要你抱幻想啊

: 你別幻想了﹐回國啊

發信人: ilikelab (iamaguy), 信區: Military

標  題: Re: 一人一票制民主真的有很大問題

發信站: BBS 未名空間站 (Thu Feb 20 03:15:38 2014, 美東)

中國人要做的﹐更重要的是參與政治﹐把民主黨自由派和支持老黑以及老莫非法移民的

無恥政客選下去。同時可以google NumbersUSA, 這是一個美國最大的反對非法移民合

法化的組織﹐可以加入免費vote against amnesty.

 Houston現在人口組成有40%多的老墨﹐20%多的老黑﹐白人隻有20%多。美國尤其以奧黑

為主的政治家為了一己之私﹐出賣美國利益﹐讓大批非法移民合法化﹐必然使以後美國

主體民族成為老墨老黑為主,而白人會成為少數民族並被逐漸邊緣化,而以智力和勤奮而

非體力和暴力見長的亞洲人在老黑老莫高犯罪率弱肉強食的原始叢林中求生存是非常不

容易的。白人哪怕虛偽點還會和你講點民主人道﹐你想指望黑人和老墨成為主流後對你

講民主平等人權﹐那是與虎謀皮﹐不殺你全家搶光你的錢姦淫你的女人和女兒你就要阿

彌陀佛了。況且人口素質是一個國家興亡的本質基礎﹐大量的老黑老墨層為美國主體後

﹐美國必然衰敗,除非現在開始矯正民主黨自由派的非法移民政策以及對黑人的妥協縱容.

有投票選舉權的國人為了自己和後代的利益﹐也一定要把民主黨和自由派選下去。更要

把為了選票和政治捐款想讓非法移民老莫合法化的卑鄙政客選下去。那些支持民主黨的

投民主黨和奧黑票的﹐如果你不是偷渡客或者吃福利的為自己短期私利而那樣做﹐那麼

你就是腦殘無極限。

老墨也是很差勁的民族﹐不比老黑好多少﹐而且由於能生﹐比老黑更可怕。老黑的人口

比例從1776年建國到現在基本維持在12%﹐而老莫人口如不嚴加控制以後會成為美國的

主體民族。老莫是有不少打苦力的﹐但很多因為是非法移民﹐隻有打苦工才能填飽肚子。等把他們合法化﹐給了身份﹐還能指望他們象現在這樣肯幹了嗎﹖人性如此﹐到時候老黑吃福利的隊伍又擴大新成員了。老墨犯罪率高不高﹖你到加州看看﹐監獄裡都關著老莫的名字的犯人比例非常非常高（Perez, Sanchez,Ganzalus, Garcia.....)。休斯頓不好的小區無一例外是老墨或者老黑的比例高。如果說老黑是散兵遊勇﹐老墨的犯罪活動更有嚴格組織性和策略﹐手段也更殘忍和無情。這點你看看墨西哥的斬首﹐分屍﹐吊在高速公路大橋上的屍體就知道了。美國在這樣民主黨縱容非法移民﹐不取消非法移民出生公民權﹐美國30-50年以後就算完了。

轉幾個老墨的視頻﹐真他媽牛逼。。。

http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=94f_1343002966&comments=1

http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=e86_1361512345

這也許就是民主黨小左liberal塑造的美國的明天。

--

※ 來源:‧WWW 未名空間站 海外: mitbbs.com 中國: mitbbs.cn‧[FROM: 66.]

全文鏈接  ﹕http://mitbbs.com/article1/Military/41107097_3_0.html

同主題鏈接﹕http://mitbbs.com/article_t/Military/41105927.html

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Has the liberalisation of the oldest profession gone too far?

Nov 16th 2013 | BERLIN |From the print edition

She can get health insurance and a pension

她可获得健康和养老保险哦

HOW modern and liberated Germany’s Social Democrats and Greens sounded in 2001. They were in government and wanted to raise the legal and social status of prostitutes. So they enacted a law to remove the stigma from sex work by, for example, giving prostitutes full rights to health insurance, pensions and other benefits. “Exploiting” sex workers remained criminal, but merely employing them or providing them with a venue became legal. The idea was that responsible employers running safe and clean brothels would drive pimps out of the market.

2001年德国社会民主党和绿党还是执政党的时候，就提出娼妓合法化并提高妓女社会地位，听起来很前卫。他们立法消除卖淫的耻辱，比如赋予妓女所有健康、养老保险及其它社会福利。小姐“单干”仍属违法，但雇佣小姐合法了，源于雇主正当经营安全干净的妓院，将皮条客等社会闲杂人员驱逐出市场这一理念。

Germany thus embarked on an experiment in liberalisation just as Sweden, a country culturally similar in many ways, was going in the opposite direction. In 1999 the Swedes had made it criminal to pay for sex (pimping was already a crime). By stigmatising not the prostitutes but the men who paid them, even putting them in jail, the Swedes hoped to come close to eliminating prostitution.

德国效仿瑞典，虽然两国之间有不少相似之处。然而后者业已改变初衷，1999年瑞典立法将嫖娼列为犯罪，仅将支付嫖资之嫖客定罪，甚至入狱，而妓女无罪。瑞典希望以此来涤荡卖淫现象。

The two countries’ divergent paths have become hot political fodder in Germany. The centre-right camp led by Angela Merkel, the chancellor, voted against the 2001 prostitution law. In September it won the election but fell short of a majority in parliament. Mrs Merkel is now negotiating with the Social Democrats (SPD), the co-authors of the law, to form a coalition. And although the SPD is reluctant to acknowledge that it made an outright mistake, it is conceding that changes are needed.

两国思维分歧激发德国政治口水仗，由总理默克尔带领的偏右阵营（基民盟），投票反对2001年的娼妓立法。今年9月，基民盟赢得大选但没争取到议会多数席位。默克尔与当时立此法的社民党谈判，组成联合政府，虽然社民党不愿承认当时的明显谬误，亦认为此法应当修正。

Prostitution seems to have declined in Sweden (unless it has merely gone deep underground), whereas Germany has turned into a giant brothel and even a destination for European sex tourism. The best guess is that Germany has about 400,000 prostitutes catering to 1m men a day. Mocking the spirit of the 2001 law, exactly 44 of them, including four men, have registered for welfare benefits.

卖淫在瑞典正逐步衰微、走向地下，而德国却摇身一变成了欧洲大窑子，并荣登找小姐观光旅游目的地。估计德国每天有40万妓女为1百万嫖客服务，此现象与2001年立法精神相冲，这批从业人员中仅有44人，包括4名男妓，登记了政府最低生活保障。

The details vary regionally, because the federal states and municipalities decide where and how brothels may operate. (Berlin is the only city without zoning restrictions.) In some places, streetwalkers line up along motorways with open-air booths nearby for quickies. In others, such as Saarbrücken, near the border with a stricter country like France, entrepreneurs are investing in mega-brothels that cater to cross-border demand.

各地情况不同，联邦政府和地方政府决定妓院的经营方式（柏林是唯一不设限的城市）。一些地方，站街女在高速公路旁的电话亭排队接客，而毗邻法国的Saarbrücken市，因为法国对卖淫嫖娼管控严格，德国商人则在当地投资开设超大窑子，以客人满足跨境消费。

If all these sex workers were in the business of their own free will, that would still be within the spirit of the 2001 law. Prostitutes’ associations insist that this is largely the case. But nobody denies that many women become sex workers involuntarily. Of particular concern are girls from poor villages in Romania and Bulgaria who may have been forced, tricked or seduced to come to Germany. Once there, they are trapped as Frischfleisch (fresh meat) in brothels, perhaps because they owe money to their traffickers or fear reprisals against their families at home.

如果所有从业人员均出于自愿，这就不违反2001年的法律精神。小姐团体强调其成员大部分出于自愿，但所有人都承认部分小姐被迫卖淫，尤其是来自罗马尼亚和保加利亚贫困乡村的少女，被引诱至德国，成为窑子的“鲜肉”，因为欠人蛇钱及害怕家人遭报复，于是被迫卖淫。

Extreme opponents of prostitution in Germany, such as Alice Schwarzer, a radical feminist, conflate modern slavery and sex work, arguing that they are “inextricably entangled”. (Ms Schwarzer has issued a petition, signed by celebrities, to criminalise paying for sex as Sweden has.) Barbara Kavemann and Elfriede Steffan, two social researchers, say that slavery and sex work are in fact separate phenomena, and that occurrences of forced labour by Romanians and Bulgarians in the trade, as in agriculture and other sectors, “have little to do with the prostitution law” and much more with the accession of those countries to the European Union in 2007.

德国国内激烈反对者，如女权主义者Alice Schwarzer，将现代奴隶制与卖淫相提并论，认为两者盘根错节。Schwarzer起草了请愿书，建议仿效瑞典，将嫖娼列为非法，收集到大量名人签名。Barbara Kavemann与Elfriede Steffan两位社会研究人员，则认为奴隶制与卖淫是两种不同现象，罗马利亚保加利亚妓女被迫卖淫，跟农业人口流动相关，还有其他社会因素参杂，与2001年娼妓法无关，与2007年这几个国家加入欧盟亦无关。

Known cases of human trafficking have actually decreased in Germany, from 987 in 2001 to 482 in 2011. Sceptics counter that most cases never become known because the girls are afraid to testify. The link between liberalisation of prostitution and human trafficking thus remains controversial. One study of 150 countries found that legalisation expands the market for sex work and thus increases human trafficking. Prostitutes’ associations have attacked the study as poorly sourced.

事实上德国贩卖人口已知案例也在下降，从2001年987例下降到2011年482例。怀疑论者认为多数案例受害女性不敢声张。妓女解放与贩卖人口问题相当复杂。一项针对150个国家的研究指出，娼妓合法化令卖淫市场扩张，增加贩卖人口案例，小姐团体反对指控，称其引用数据来源稀少。

In the end, the policy choice comes back to culture and ideology, argues Susanne Dodillet at the University of Göteborg. Both the Swedish and the German laws originated in the feminist and left-leaning movements in these countries. But whereas progressive Swedes view their state as able to set positive goals, Germans (the Greens, especially) mistrust the state on questions of personal morality as a hypocritical and authoritarian threat to self-expression. Only this can explain why Swedes continue overwhelmingly to support their policy, and Germans theirs.

政策制定源于民族和国家之文化和理念，哥德堡大学Susanne Dodillet争论道：瑞典和德国的法国都源自女权主义和左翼运动，尽管进步的瑞典人认为政府能做出正确判断，但德国人（尤其绿党）认为政府在审查个人道德方面的举措既伪善又独裁、钳制个人言论表达。因此两国在各自表述中越走越远。

From the print edition: Europe

Why does cycling have podium girls?

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23159766

Magazine Monitor A collection of cultural artefacts
BBC杂志，观察、搜集社会百态

Cyclist Chris Froome being kissed by podium girls

自行车运动员Chris Froome桃花满面

There are not many jobs that include cheek-kissing in the formal duties

包含吻脸颊这类内容的工作，往日真心不多。

Every stage of the Tour de France ends with the leading cyclists on the podium. There are always two women whose duty it is to give them their coloured jersey and kiss them on the cheek, writes Annie Flury.

环法赛每站都有一名领骑手站上颁奖台，一般有两名女性负责给选手颁发各种颜色领骑衫、并在选手脸颊附上香吻，Annie Flurry写道。

Some might view "podium girls" as a little anachronistic. But they are a feature in Europe's biggest races including the Giro d'Italia and Vuelta a Espana.

部分人觉得“颁奖女郎”似乎有点过时，她们可是欧洲大赛包括环意赛和环西赛的组成部分。

The Tour hostesses, as they are officially known, are chosen from hundreds who apply every year.

主办方从每年从数百人中挑选大家所熟知的颁奖女郎。

Decades ago they were usually selected from the town hosting the stage finish and merely had to be under 30 and roughly the same height. Now hopefuls are generally put forward by modelling agencies and whittled down to just 20 by the Tour's main sponsor, French bank LCL.

几十年前，每分站选出统一高度，30岁以下的女性。如今，赛会主要赞助商里昂信贷银行，委托模特公司遴选，并将年龄降至20。

Magalie Thierry, who is studying for a PhD in biology, is working as a podium girl for the second year. "Each day working here seems like a dream."

生物博士后Magalie Thierry，做颁奖女郎2年了，“这里每天的工作恍如梦幻。”

The majority of the job is public relations, looking after VIPs and journalists, she says. "The podium is just 'a plus'. Maybe the ceremony could seem out of date but most of the public loves it. I think podium girls give a little touch of femininity to this sport."

颁奖女郎主要的工作是公关，照顾VIP和记者们，“颁奖是锦上添花”。颁奖环节颇过时，但大众似乎很受落。我想是因为颁奖女郎给自行车这项运动注入了女性的气息。

Peter Sagan was widely criticised for pinching a podium girl's bottom

Peter Sagan因捏颁奖女郎屁股而广受批评 

The hostesses kiss the victor on the cheek, but, curiously, actually talking to the riders is a bit of a no-no.

女郎吻胜利者脸颊，很奇怪，与选手交谈却被禁止。

In 2003, podium girl Melanie Simonneau was sacked for accepting a note from stage winner George Hincapie. The couple went on to marry. Slovakian cyclist Peter Sagan had to apologise earlier this year after pinching the bottom of a hostess at the end of the Tour de Flanders.

2003年，颁奖女郎Melanie Simonnea被辞退，因为收了分站冠军George Hincapie递的纸条，两人后来完婚。斯洛伐克选手Peter Sagan，今年为自己在环荷赛末段捏颁奖女郎屁股的行为道歉。

And there are those who think of the whole business of podium girls as a little antediluvian.

还有很多人认为颁奖女郎这类物事非常原始。

"I would like to think that by the 21st Century women would be more than just beautiful ornaments to stand beside successful men," says Laura Weislo, deputy editor of Cyclingnews.com. "The only time that you see a female presence on television in professional cycling is the models on the podium, and it only heightens the inequality in the sport."

“我想一个21世纪的女人不应只是一件拄在男人旁边的漂亮物件”，Cyclingnews.com副主编Laura Weislo说，“专业自行车赛事当中，你唯一能看见的女性就是颁奖女郎，这加剧了这项运动的性别不平等。”

Kelly "Minx" Riordan, a journalist and podium hostess in cyclo-cross, where riders tackle shorter courses over more varied terrain, says the Tour hostesses are an essential part of tradition. "It wouldn't be a proper ceremony without them," she says. "These are talented women in their own right. They shouldn't be dismissed simply as eye candy."

绰号“浪姐”的记者Kelly Riordan，同时也担任自行车公路越野赛事的颁奖女郎。公路越野赛程短，覆盖地形更广泛。Kelly Riordan说，颁奖女郎是传统的重要组成部分，若缺少她们，颁奖仪式将有所欠缺，有头脑的女性腹有诗书气自华，不应该被简单视为养眼花瓶。

You can follow the Magazine on Twitter and on Facebook

富士康

http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/evanosnos/2012/01/will-the-chinese-turn-against-the-iphone.html

Apple’s recent troubles have reached the Stewart threshold. When “The Daily Show” did a send-up of working conditions at Foxconn, the mammoth Apple manufacturer in China, Jon Stewart pointed to the news that some Foxconn workers had staged a protest and threatened to commit suicide en masse. Judging by the audience reaction to Stewart’s “Fear Factory” bit, his recent focus on the issue is in step with a dawning American sense of ickiness about what goes into the electronics we love.

The “Daily Show” piece was part of a crescendo that has plucked longstanding questions about Apple’s supply chain from the business and tech pages and thrust them into the mainstream. The radio program “This American Life” excerpted a version of “The Agony and the Ecstasy of Steve Jobs,” in which the monologist Mike Daisey performs his impressions of boarding a plane to Shenzhen, hiring a translator, and trying find out who made his Apple products. On Sunday, the Times subjected Apple to an exercise in economic archeology, holding up the iPhone like a shard of pottery from which to reconstruct the decline and fall of American manufacturing. (In many of these cases, Apple’s traditional refusal to respond in substance does not come off well. The approach used to appear stylishly aloof; now it just looks embarrassed.)

All of this makes it especially strange to hear that Apple had to shut down sales of the iPhone earlier this month after mobs of shoppers (and scalpers) went berserk at the store in Beijing. Huh? Is this the sweatshop-equivalent of the cognitive dissonance that allows working-class conservatives in America to imagine that Newt Gingrich has their best interests at heart?

Here are some possible explanations why shoppers in Beijing are not as aggrieved at Apple as Jon Stewart would be:

iPhone suicides, believe it or not, are not news to the Chinese. Nobody has done more aggressive reporting on the factory conditions at Foxconn than the Chinese press. Before foreigners noticed, newspapers in eastern and southern China were investigating the deaths of workers and Chinese bloggers were documenting more details about their daily lives than foreign visitors could hope to obtain. It’s one of those examples of how erratic the Chinese world of information is these days: the Chinese press is throttled on many issues, but when it concerns workplace conditions—or, better yet, a factory with a boss in Taiwan—the issue resonates with enough notes from old socialist hymns that it gets reported in astonishing detail.


Things have been even worse. As the columnist Nick Kristof put it in a comment on “This American Life,” “it’s a very awkward thing to defend sweatshops,” but consider the enduring effects of rural poverty: “My wife’s ancestral village is in southern China, not too far from Foxconn. And people in that village went from a really grim kind of lifestyle, basically in the rice paddies. And for them, and indeed for many Chinese, the grimness of factories like Foxconn was better than the grimness of rice paddies.” This doesn’t let Americans off the hook to care about it, but it helps you understand the Chinese view. For an in-depth look at the lives of assembly-line workers in China, consider reading “Factory Girls,” by Leslie Chang.

Factories are far away. How is it that so many men and women can covet iPhones to near-riot-levels, when they are only one or two relatives removed from the workers in those factories? Chinese buyers can be quick to boycott a brand that “hurts the feelings of the Chinese people,” so why not now? Perhaps it’s because the clamor for prosperity has atomized people to such a degree that it can be hard to recognize what anyone has in common. It’s easy to put aside a worker’s complaint, in other words, when you’re on the cusp—in reality or in the imagination—of leaving that life behind and saving up for an iPhone of your own.


Keywords Apple; China; Mike Daisey; Steve Jobs; This American Life; iphone

俄杜马选举

这两天国际时政焦点当属俄杜马选举，先来一篇环球评论调整下口味，后面会分别译出西方评论。

http://opinion.huanqiu.com/roll/2011-12/2235957.html

社评：俄选票流向变化的多重启示

摘要：中国社会的理性将长期面临冲击和考验。中国必须走向民主，但要通过学习和政治创新获得高于西方社会的活力，而不能把西方的东西在我们巨大的国家里生搬硬套，把我们自己变成“亚西方国家”，甘居政治竞争及综合竞争的下游。

　　支持普京的统一俄罗斯党在国家杜马选举中获得勉强一半的选票，比该党预期的少很多。西方舆论一致认为，这次选举是普京的“重大挫折”，与一天前对该选举是“徒有其表”甚至“胡闹”的愤怒指责相比，昨天的西方舆论普遍挺高兴的。

　　这件事告诉我们，在互联网时代，民意不是那么容易“操纵”的。西方对非西方国家这方面的指责有些有根据，但有很多是夸张及大批判式的。一个国家政治制度在多大程度上是合理或不合理的，评判权决不能由西方垄断。

　　因为这次支持普京的统一俄罗斯党得票率大幅下降，这个变化趋势西方愿意看到，他们的评判调门也随之发生变化。但统一俄罗斯党毕竟保住了杜马多数席位， 继续成为执政党，西方舆论于是有所保留。他们的评论是绕着弯的：尽管这次选举执政党做了大量手脚，但普京仍然遭受“重大挫折”。

　　由于普京是对西方奉行强硬政策的象征，把他选上来和把他选下去的结果，而非过程的公正与否，更像是西方认定俄罗斯选举属于“假民主”或“真民主”的真正政治基线。

　　俄罗斯选票流向的变化还告诉我们，在西方式民主条件下，长期保持社会大的政治共识是困难的。社会的政治分裂很容易出现，在走向这种民主的同时，社会必须有能力驾驭这样的分裂，使它不造成破坏性后果。

　　一旦引入竞争性选举，一党长期执政遭遇挑战大概是迟早的事。西方用几百年时间形成对政党轮替的熟练使用，东方国家能否在不付出很大社会代价的情况下，用较短时间“学好”这种政治模式，现在尚无令人信服的答案。

　　东方国家接受西方政治最彻底的是日本，但日本的自民党一党执政在选举条件下持续了50多年，那段时间总体上是日本发展最快的时期，当前日本频换首相、国家无法做出重大改革决定，日本显然并未走完它的政治过渡。

　　如果俄罗斯当前的选举文化定型下来，统一俄罗斯党终有一天下台是可以预期的。脱离普京路线的俄罗斯将如何处理国家的权力分配，显然也有不确定性。

　　人类对国家制度层面的政治学知识相当匮乏。尽管从理性的角度看，人类不可能只有一种社会治理模式，世界在西方制度下的“一元化”不是人类文明的福音。但西方现在试图将这种“一元化”在世界范围内强行推进，并努力论证这样做的政治合法性。

　　中国社会的理性将长期面临冲击和考验。中国必须走向民主，但要通过学习和政治创新获得高于西方社会的活力，而不能把西方的东西在我们巨大的国家里生搬硬套，把我们自己变成“亚西方国家”，甘居政治竞争及综合竞争的下游。

　　意识形态在世界的流传从来都是服务于利益扩张的。西方对非西方国家现在也正是这样做的。有人在分析西方对中国的“西化”和“分化”时说，西方真正愿意 的是“分化”中国，而中国的“西化”只应当是一定程度上的。如果中国被完全“西化”，却没有“分化”，甚至更团结，这比今天的中国更不符合西方的利益。

　　这种说法有没有道理，让我们用心去观察吧。