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今晚尝试使用evernote写博客，然后发布到blogger和wordpress.com两个平台，前者成功，除去字体、字号、颜色等细节需调整，日后可以rich text尝试；后者确实令人失望，除去不能发布多图，字体问题，还不能粘贴长文，感觉wordpress这个平台虚有其表，让我尽快折腾sitemix弄个WP出来耍耍，注册了tk域名，就域名解析都搞得头大，也不知道效果如何。

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Fwd: Google 高级搜索

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Google 高级搜索

简单介绍一下如何用google来搜索网上可以下载的mp3，拿Bon Jovi举个例子，在google搜索栏中输入 -inurl:(htm|html|php) intitle:”index of” +”last modified” +”parent directory” +description +size +(wma|mp3) “Bon Jovi” （可用其他歌手或歌名替代Bon Jovi） 同理我们一个将google变成超星下载电子书（将wma|mp3改成电子书文件格式如pdf等）或者下载视频（mpg、wmv） 如果你有什么好点子也请与大家分享。

为了遵守版权以及相关法律，Google本身并未提供专用的MP3搜索服务，不过，Google的蜘蛛抓取网页时可谓“不遗余力”，所有“在线音乐”的数据，其实早已被Google巨大的数据库所收录－－只看你会不会Google了。

找一个最典型的例子：如果你想要找到Google中所有Beatles的MP3格式音乐下载，你只需在Google中输入：

“index of” + “mp3″ + “beatles” -html -htm -php

看看你获得了什么？

---------------------------------------------------

　首先打开Google，在关键词输入框中输入"index of/"inurl:lib(双引号为英文状态下），选择“搜索简体中文网页”选项，回车搜索，得到了一些网页，不要以为这是一些普通的页面，其实它们是一些图书网站的资源列表，点击打开它来看看，怎么样？是不是所有资源一收眼底了？

使用其他关键字可能得到更多的资源：

在搜索框上输入："index of /"cnki

再按搜索你就可以找到许多图书馆的CNKI、VIP、超星等入口！

在搜索框上输入："index of /" ppt

再按搜索你就可以突破网站入口下载powerpint作品！

在搜索框上输入："index of /"mp3

再按搜索你就可以突破网站入口下载mp3、rm等影视作品！

在搜索框上输入："index of /"swf

再按搜索你就可以突破网站入口下载flash作品！

在搜索框上输入："index of /"加上要下载的软件名

再按搜索你就可以突破网站入口下载软件！

在搜索框上输入："index of /"AVI

再按搜索你就可以突破网站入口下载AVI视频

你会找到什么呢？同理，把AVI换为MPEG看看又会找到什么呢？呵呵！接下来不用我再教了吧？那就试一下你的手气吧！

"index of /" RMVB

"index of /" WMA

"index of /" MTV

"index of /" MPEG

以下是百度搜索排名

1. index of mpeg4

3. index of mp3

4. index of cnki

5. index of rmvb

6. index of rm

7. index of movie

8. index of swf

9. index of jpg

10. index of admin

12. index of pdf

13. index of doc

14. index of wmv

15. index of mdb

16. index of mpg

17. index of mtv

18. index of software

19. index of mov

20. index of asf

23. index of lib

24. index of vod

25. index of rar

27. index of exe

28. index of iso

29. index of video

30. index of book

31. index of soft

32. index of chm

33. index of password

34. index of game

35. index of music

36. index of dvd

37. index of mid

38. index of ebook

40. index of download

----------------------------------------------

下面要讨论的是各种Google的专门命令，我会简要解释每个命令并演示如何使用它来获取保密数据。  

[intitle:] 

“intitle:”帮助Google将搜索结果限制在那些标题中含有检索单词的页面。例如，“intitle:login password”（不包括引号）将返回标题中有单词“login”，页面中任何地方有单词“password”的那些页面的链接。  

类似的，如果想在网页的标题中检索多个单词，可以用“allintitle”来代替“intitle”得到标题中包含所有这些单词的网页列表。例如使用 “intitle:login intitle：password”跟使用“allintitle:login password”是一样的。  

[inurl:] 

“inurl:” 将搜索结果限制在那些URL中含有检索单词的页面。例如：“inurl:passwd”（不包括引号）将返回URL中有“passwd”的那些页面的链接。  

类似的，如果想在URL中检索多个单词，可以用“allinurl”来代替“inurl”得到URL中包含所有检索单词的网页列表。例如 “allinurl:etc/passwd”会查找URL中包含“etc”和“passwd”的页面。单词之间的“/”会被Google忽略掉。  

[site:] 

“site:” 将限制Google只在特定的站点或域中检索关键词。例如：“exploits site:hackingspirits.com”（不包括引号）将在所有“hackingspirits.com”域的链接页面中查找关键词 “exploits”。“site:”和“hackingspirits.com”之间不应有空格。  

[filetype:] 

“filetype:” 将限制Google只在internet上搜索特定扩展名的文件（就是doc，pdf或者ppt等等）。例如：“filetype:doc site:gov confidential”（不包括引号）将在所有政府域相关的网站中查找页面中或“.doc”文件中包含关键词“confidential”的扩展名为 “.doc”的文件。也就是结果会包含到所有政府网站中有confidential关键词的文档的链接。  

[link:] 

“link:” 将显示有到指定网页的链接的网页。例如：“link:www.securityfocus.com”会列出有到SecurityFocus的链接的网页。注意“link：”和网页url之间不应有空格。  

[related:] 

“related:” 将显示跟指定网页类似的网页。例如：“related:www.securityfocus.com”会列出跟SecurityFocus主页类似的网页。注意“related：”和网页url之间不应有空格。    

[passwd.txt site:]“passwd.txt site:”  将搜索指定URL包含密码的文件。例如：“passwd.txt site:hackingspirits.com” （不包括引号）将在“hackingspirits.com”中

搜索包含密码的文件，有时我们得到密码甚至还是明码的，有很多基于CGI/PHP/ASP 类型的留言板存在这种问题。 “site:hackingspirits.com”意思是只搜索“hackingspirits.com”的URL。   

同样，我们可以搜索一些顶级域名，比如：.net .org .jp .in .gr config.txt site:.jp admin.txt site:.tw 搜索首页的目录 首页是非常有用的，它会提供给你许多有用的信息。   

[cache:] 

“cache:” 将显示在Google cache中的网页。例如：“cache:www.hackingspirits.com”会列出Google cache中hackingspirits的主页。注意“cache:”和网页url之间不应有空格。  

如果查询串中包含其它词，Google会在cache的文档中高亮显示这些词。例如：“cache:www.hackingspirits.com guest”会显示在cache中的网页内容，并高亮显示“guest”。  

[intext:] 

“intext:” 会在特定的网站中搜索单词。它忽略links或URL和页面标题。例如：“intext:exploits”（不包括引号）将只返回页面中含有搜索关键词“exploits”的网页链接。  

[phonebook:] 

“phonebook:” 会搜索美国街道地址和电话号码信息。例如：“phonebook:Lisa+CA”会列出所有名字中有“Lisa”并且住在“加利福尼亚（CA）”的人的名字。这对那些想要挖掘个人信息的黑客来说是再好不过的工具了。  

Google黑客揭秘  

上面所说的Google查询语法能真正帮助人们来精确他们的搜索结果，得到他们真正想要的。  

现在Google如此智能，黑客们当然不会介意利用它从互联网上来挖掘更多本来不应该让他们知道的保密和隐私的信息。现在我将要详细讨论这些技术，展示黑客们是如何利用Google从网上挖掘信息的，以及如何利用这些信息来入侵远程服务器。  

利用“index of”与发来查找开放目录浏览的站点  

一个开放了目录浏览的WEB服务器意味着任何人都可以像浏览通常的本地目录一样浏览它上面的目录。这里我将讨论如何利用“index of”语法来得到开放目录浏览的WEB服务器列表。这对黑客来说是一种非常简单的信息搜集方法。试想如果得到了本不应该在internet上可见的密码文件或其它敏感文件，结果会怎样。下面给出了一些能轻松得到敏感信息的例子。  

Index of /admin Index of /passwd Index of /password Index of /mail 

"Index of /" +passwd 

"Index of /" +password.txt "Index of /" +.htaccess  

"Index of /secret" 

"Index of /confidential" "Index of /root" 

"Index of /cgi-bin""Index of /cgi-bin" site:.edu （不包含引号）你可以自己定义搜索的首页字符。这样就可以获得许多信息。 "Index of /credit-card" "Index of /logs" "Index of /config"  

利用“inurl”或“allinurl”寻找缺陷站点或服务器  

a． 利用“allinurl:winnt/system32/”（不包括引号）会列出所有通过web可以访问限制目录如“system32”的服务器的链接。如果你很幸运你就可以访问到“system32”目录中的cmd.exe。一旦你能够访问“cmd.exe”，就可以执行它，瞧！服务器归你所有了。 b． 利用“allinurl:wwwboard/passwd.txt”（不包括引号）会列出所有存在“WWWBoard 密码缺陷”的服务器的链接。想了解更多关于这个缺陷的知识，你可以参看下面的链接：http://www.securiteam.com/exploits/2BUQ4S0SAW.html c． 利用“inurl:bash_history”（不包括引号）会列出所有通过web可以访问“.bash_history”文件的服务器的链接。这是一个历史命令文件。这个文件包含了管理员执行的命令列表，有时还包含敏感信息例如管理员输入的密码。如果这个文件被泄漏并且包含加密的unix密码，就可以用“John The Ripper”来破解它。 d． 利用“inurl:config.txt”（不包括引号）会列出所有通过web可以访问 “config.txt”文件的服务器的链接。这个文件包含敏感信息，包括管理员密码的哈希值和数据库认证凭证。例如：Ingenium Learning Management System是一个由Click2learn,Inc开发的基于Web的Windows应用程序。Ingenium Learning Management System5.1和6.1版本以非安全的方式在config.txt文件中存储了敏感信息。更多相关内容请参看：http://www.securiteam.com/securitynews/6M00H2K5PG.html  

其它类似的组合其它语法的“inurl:”或“allinurl:”用法： inurl:admin filetype:txt inurl:admin filetype:db inurl:admin filetype:cfg inurl:mysql filetype:cfg inurl:passwd filetype:txt inurl:iisadmin 

inurl:auth_user_file.txt inurl:orders.txt inurl:"wwwroot/*." inurl:adpassword.txt 

inurl:webeditor.php inurl:file_upload.php  

inurl:gov filetype:xls "restricted" 

index of ftp +.mdb allinurl:/cgi-bin/ +mailto  

利用“intitle”或“allintitle”寻找缺陷站点或服务器  

a. 利用[allintitle:“index of /root”]（不包括括号）会列出所有通过web可以访问限制目录如“root”的服务器的链接。这个目录有时包含可通过简单Web查询得到的敏感信息。 b. 利用[allintitle:“index of /admin”]（不包括括号）会列出所有开放如“admin”目录浏览权限的WEB站点列表链接。大多数Web应用程序通常使用“admin”来存储管理凭证。这个目录有时包含可通过简单Web查询得到的敏感信息。  

其它类似的组合其它语法的“intitle:”或“allintitle:”用法： intitle:"Index of" .sh_history intitle:"Index of" .bash_history intitle:"index of" passwd intitle:"index of" people.lst intitle:"index of" pwd.db intitle:"index of" etc/shadow intitle:"index of" spwd 

intitle:"index of" master.passwd intitle:"index of" htpasswd 

intitle:"index of" members OR accounts intitle:"index of" user_carts OR user_cart  

allintitle: sensitive filetype:doc allintitle: restricted filetype :mail 

allintitle: restricted filetype:doc site:gov 

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Fwd: 鄙人建议对文革史有研究兴趣者，应当阅读一下这篇视野特开阔的访谈《金大陆：关于“文革”研究的新思路》，今天国人对文革的认知，很大程度上是建立在邓小平的文

金大陆 : 关于"文革"研究的新思路_共识网

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Fwd: Robot wars: after drones, a line we must not cross | Christof Heyns

We are on the dangerous threshold of investing in machines the power to make autonomous life-or-death decisions over humans

Drones are becoming dated technology: we may now be able to hand over some of the life-and-death decisions of war to robots.

From the perspective of those engaged in modern warfare, lethal autonomous robots (LARs) offer distinct advantages. They have the potential to process information and to act much faster than humans in situations where nanoseconds could make the difference. They also do not act out of fear, revenge or innate cruelty, as humans sometimes do.

A drone still involves a human "in the loop" – someone, somewhere presses the button. This is slowed down by satellite communications (think of the time-lag when foreign correspondents speak on TV) and these communications can be interrupted by the enemy. So why not take the human "out of the loop", and install an on-board computer that, independently, is able to identify and to trigger deadly force against targets without human intervention?

There are good reasons to be cautious about permitting this.

On a practical level, it is hardly clear that robotic systems can meet the minimum requirements set by the law of war for lethal decision-making. Popular culture, including sci-fi, celebrates the capabilities of robots, but robots are good at what they do only within a narrow range: their sensors give them tunnel-vision information and they are largely wired for quantitative work.

Soldiers in battle may lawfully target only combatants, and not civilians. Will a computer be able to make the value judgment that a group of people in plain clothing carrying rifles are not enemy combatants but hunters – or soldiers surrendering?

Civilian loss of life as "collateral damage" can be lawful only if it is proportionate to the military objective. This is essentially a qualitative judgement, requiring in many cases experience and common sense and an understanding of the larger picture t

...

Click the link below to continue onto the full article

http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2013/jun/19/robot-wars-drones-life-death-decisions

Fwd: 思考，快与慢

该书出现了球与球拍的例子，似乎哪里见过？

《美国科学院院报》最近报道了损耗对判决的影响这一问题的研究情况。在这项研究中，8位不知情的受试者全部是以色列的保释官。他们每天都要审阅保释申请，而且不是按这些保释申请的时间顺序审阅的，这些保释官在每份申请上所用的时间很少，平均只有6分钟。（弃权相当于拒绝保释，只有35%的申请能获准通过。这些保释官作出每个决定所用的时间都有精确的记录，而且他们一日三餐的餐歇时间也有记录，分别是早餐时间、午餐时间和午间休息时间。）这项研究的设计者对两次餐歇间所能获得批准的申请数量进行了预测，结果发现每次用餐过后，获得批准的申请数量都会增加，有约65%的申请得到了批准。在保释官下一次用餐前的约两个小时内，批准率就开始稳步下降，在用餐之前刚好达到零。如你预想，这种结果令人难以接受，但各位设计者已经认真审核并排除了很多其他的原因。对这个数据最合理的解释却带来了负面信息：又累又饿的保释官容易否定保释申请。疲劳和饥饿都有可能影响他们的决定。

Fwd: 南航广州/伦敦 15MAY/20MAY 票价

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: <no-reply@evernote.com>
Date: Thu, Apr 17, 2014 at 2:02 AM
Subject: 南航广州/伦敦 15MAY/20MAY 票价
To: @gmail.com

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南航广州/伦敦 15MAY/20MAY 票价

南方航空非常有意思，国际票价在官网上的FARE BASIS在CRS ETERM上不适用。测试时间4/17/2014 1:03 AM

rt                                                                           
1.  CZ303  E   TH15MAY  CANLHR DK1   0930 1525          787 C 0 RE --T4    
2.  CZ304  E   TU20MAY  LHRCAN DK1   2235 1720+1        787 C 0 RE T4--

qte:/cz                                                                      
FSI/CZ                                                                        
S CZ   303E15MAY CAN0930 1525LHR0S    787                                     
S CZ   304E20MAY LHR2235>1720CAN0S    787                                     
01 ELESQE6             10043 CNY                    INCL TAX                  
*SYSTEM DEFAULT-CHECK OPERATING CARRIER                                       
*TKT STOCK RESTR                                                              
*ATTN PRICED ON 17APR14*0050                                                  
CAN                                                                          
LON ELESQE6         NVB15MAY NVA15MAY 1PC                                    
CAN ELESQE6         NVB20MAY NVA20MAY 1PC                                    
FARE  CNY    6200                                                             
TAX   CNY     90CN CNY    888GB CNY   2865XT                                  
TOTAL CNY   10043                                                             
15MAY14CAN CZ LON505.62CZ CAN505.62NUC1011.24END ROE6.130990                  
XT CNY 415UB CNY 50YQ CNY 2400YR                                              
ENDOS *Q/NONEND                                                               
ENDOS *PENALTY/NOSHOW APPLIES                                                 
*AUTO BAGGAGE INFORMATION AVAILABLE - SEE FSB                                 
RFSONLN/1E /EFEP_19/FCC=T/

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21Feb14

發信人: feidaowang (小李飛刀的飛刀), 信區: Military

標  題: Re: 一人一票制民主真的有很大問題

發信站: BBS 未名空間站 (Thu Feb 20 00:31:32 2014, 美東)

憑啥﹖這塊土地的原主人沒了﹐誰佔了就是誰的。國內的有限資源留給國內的兄弟姐妹

了﹐我們要給我們後代打下大大的一片土地。

【 在 Trotsky (列夫‧達維多維奇‧托洛茨基) 的大作中提到: 】

: 沒要你抱幻想啊

: 你別幻想了﹐回國啊

發信人: ilikelab (iamaguy), 信區: Military

標  題: Re: 一人一票制民主真的有很大問題

發信站: BBS 未名空間站 (Thu Feb 20 03:15:38 2014, 美東)

中國人要做的﹐更重要的是參與政治﹐把民主黨自由派和支持老黑以及老莫非法移民的

無恥政客選下去。同時可以google NumbersUSA, 這是一個美國最大的反對非法移民合

法化的組織﹐可以加入免費vote against amnesty.

 Houston現在人口組成有40%多的老墨﹐20%多的老黑﹐白人隻有20%多。美國尤其以奧黑

為主的政治家為了一己之私﹐出賣美國利益﹐讓大批非法移民合法化﹐必然使以後美國

主體民族成為老墨老黑為主,而白人會成為少數民族並被逐漸邊緣化,而以智力和勤奮而

非體力和暴力見長的亞洲人在老黑老莫高犯罪率弱肉強食的原始叢林中求生存是非常不

容易的。白人哪怕虛偽點還會和你講點民主人道﹐你想指望黑人和老墨成為主流後對你

講民主平等人權﹐那是與虎謀皮﹐不殺你全家搶光你的錢姦淫你的女人和女兒你就要阿

彌陀佛了。況且人口素質是一個國家興亡的本質基礎﹐大量的老黑老墨層為美國主體後

﹐美國必然衰敗,除非現在開始矯正民主黨自由派的非法移民政策以及對黑人的妥協縱容.

有投票選舉權的國人為了自己和後代的利益﹐也一定要把民主黨和自由派選下去。更要

把為了選票和政治捐款想讓非法移民老莫合法化的卑鄙政客選下去。那些支持民主黨的

投民主黨和奧黑票的﹐如果你不是偷渡客或者吃福利的為自己短期私利而那樣做﹐那麼

你就是腦殘無極限。

老墨也是很差勁的民族﹐不比老黑好多少﹐而且由於能生﹐比老黑更可怕。老黑的人口

比例從1776年建國到現在基本維持在12%﹐而老莫人口如不嚴加控制以後會成為美國的

主體民族。老莫是有不少打苦力的﹐但很多因為是非法移民﹐隻有打苦工才能填飽肚子。等把他們合法化﹐給了身份﹐還能指望他們象現在這樣肯幹了嗎﹖人性如此﹐到時候老黑吃福利的隊伍又擴大新成員了。老墨犯罪率高不高﹖你到加州看看﹐監獄裡都關著老莫的名字的犯人比例非常非常高（Perez, Sanchez,Ganzalus, Garcia.....)。休斯頓不好的小區無一例外是老墨或者老黑的比例高。如果說老黑是散兵遊勇﹐老墨的犯罪活動更有嚴格組織性和策略﹐手段也更殘忍和無情。這點你看看墨西哥的斬首﹐分屍﹐吊在高速公路大橋上的屍體就知道了。美國在這樣民主黨縱容非法移民﹐不取消非法移民出生公民權﹐美國30-50年以後就算完了。

轉幾個老墨的視頻﹐真他媽牛逼。。。

http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=94f_1343002966&comments=1

http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=e86_1361512345

這也許就是民主黨小左liberal塑造的美國的明天。

--

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Has the liberalisation of the oldest profession gone too far?

Nov 16th 2013 | BERLIN |From the print edition

She can get health insurance and a pension

她可获得健康和养老保险哦

HOW modern and liberated Germany’s Social Democrats and Greens sounded in 2001. They were in government and wanted to raise the legal and social status of prostitutes. So they enacted a law to remove the stigma from sex work by, for example, giving prostitutes full rights to health insurance, pensions and other benefits. “Exploiting” sex workers remained criminal, but merely employing them or providing them with a venue became legal. The idea was that responsible employers running safe and clean brothels would drive pimps out of the market.

2001年德国社会民主党和绿党还是执政党的时候，就提出娼妓合法化并提高妓女社会地位，听起来很前卫。他们立法消除卖淫的耻辱，比如赋予妓女所有健康、养老保险及其它社会福利。小姐“单干”仍属违法，但雇佣小姐合法了，源于雇主正当经营安全干净的妓院，将皮条客等社会闲杂人员驱逐出市场这一理念。

Germany thus embarked on an experiment in liberalisation just as Sweden, a country culturally similar in many ways, was going in the opposite direction. In 1999 the Swedes had made it criminal to pay for sex (pimping was already a crime). By stigmatising not the prostitutes but the men who paid them, even putting them in jail, the Swedes hoped to come close to eliminating prostitution.

德国效仿瑞典，虽然两国之间有不少相似之处。然而后者业已改变初衷，1999年瑞典立法将嫖娼列为犯罪，仅将支付嫖资之嫖客定罪，甚至入狱，而妓女无罪。瑞典希望以此来涤荡卖淫现象。

The two countries’ divergent paths have become hot political fodder in Germany. The centre-right camp led by Angela Merkel, the chancellor, voted against the 2001 prostitution law. In September it won the election but fell short of a majority in parliament. Mrs Merkel is now negotiating with the Social Democrats (SPD), the co-authors of the law, to form a coalition. And although the SPD is reluctant to acknowledge that it made an outright mistake, it is conceding that changes are needed.

两国思维分歧激发德国政治口水仗，由总理默克尔带领的偏右阵营（基民盟），投票反对2001年的娼妓立法。今年9月，基民盟赢得大选但没争取到议会多数席位。默克尔与当时立此法的社民党谈判，组成联合政府，虽然社民党不愿承认当时的明显谬误，亦认为此法应当修正。

Prostitution seems to have declined in Sweden (unless it has merely gone deep underground), whereas Germany has turned into a giant brothel and even a destination for European sex tourism. The best guess is that Germany has about 400,000 prostitutes catering to 1m men a day. Mocking the spirit of the 2001 law, exactly 44 of them, including four men, have registered for welfare benefits.

卖淫在瑞典正逐步衰微、走向地下，而德国却摇身一变成了欧洲大窑子，并荣登找小姐观光旅游目的地。估计德国每天有40万妓女为1百万嫖客服务，此现象与2001年立法精神相冲，这批从业人员中仅有44人，包括4名男妓，登记了政府最低生活保障。

The details vary regionally, because the federal states and municipalities decide where and how brothels may operate. (Berlin is the only city without zoning restrictions.) In some places, streetwalkers line up along motorways with open-air booths nearby for quickies. In others, such as Saarbrücken, near the border with a stricter country like France, entrepreneurs are investing in mega-brothels that cater to cross-border demand.

各地情况不同，联邦政府和地方政府决定妓院的经营方式（柏林是唯一不设限的城市）。一些地方，站街女在高速公路旁的电话亭排队接客，而毗邻法国的Saarbrücken市，因为法国对卖淫嫖娼管控严格，德国商人则在当地投资开设超大窑子，以客人满足跨境消费。

If all these sex workers were in the business of their own free will, that would still be within the spirit of the 2001 law. Prostitutes’ associations insist that this is largely the case. But nobody denies that many women become sex workers involuntarily. Of particular concern are girls from poor villages in Romania and Bulgaria who may have been forced, tricked or seduced to come to Germany. Once there, they are trapped as Frischfleisch (fresh meat) in brothels, perhaps because they owe money to their traffickers or fear reprisals against their families at home.

如果所有从业人员均出于自愿，这就不违反2001年的法律精神。小姐团体强调其成员大部分出于自愿，但所有人都承认部分小姐被迫卖淫，尤其是来自罗马尼亚和保加利亚贫困乡村的少女，被引诱至德国，成为窑子的“鲜肉”，因为欠人蛇钱及害怕家人遭报复，于是被迫卖淫。

Extreme opponents of prostitution in Germany, such as Alice Schwarzer, a radical feminist, conflate modern slavery and sex work, arguing that they are “inextricably entangled”. (Ms Schwarzer has issued a petition, signed by celebrities, to criminalise paying for sex as Sweden has.) Barbara Kavemann and Elfriede Steffan, two social researchers, say that slavery and sex work are in fact separate phenomena, and that occurrences of forced labour by Romanians and Bulgarians in the trade, as in agriculture and other sectors, “have little to do with the prostitution law” and much more with the accession of those countries to the European Union in 2007.

德国国内激烈反对者，如女权主义者Alice Schwarzer，将现代奴隶制与卖淫相提并论，认为两者盘根错节。Schwarzer起草了请愿书，建议仿效瑞典，将嫖娼列为非法，收集到大量名人签名。Barbara Kavemann与Elfriede Steffan两位社会研究人员，则认为奴隶制与卖淫是两种不同现象，罗马利亚保加利亚妓女被迫卖淫，跟农业人口流动相关，还有其他社会因素参杂，与2001年娼妓法无关，与2007年这几个国家加入欧盟亦无关。

Known cases of human trafficking have actually decreased in Germany, from 987 in 2001 to 482 in 2011. Sceptics counter that most cases never become known because the girls are afraid to testify. The link between liberalisation of prostitution and human trafficking thus remains controversial. One study of 150 countries found that legalisation expands the market for sex work and thus increases human trafficking. Prostitutes’ associations have attacked the study as poorly sourced.

事实上德国贩卖人口已知案例也在下降，从2001年987例下降到2011年482例。怀疑论者认为多数案例受害女性不敢声张。妓女解放与贩卖人口问题相当复杂。一项针对150个国家的研究指出，娼妓合法化令卖淫市场扩张，增加贩卖人口案例，小姐团体反对指控，称其引用数据来源稀少。

In the end, the policy choice comes back to culture and ideology, argues Susanne Dodillet at the University of Göteborg. Both the Swedish and the German laws originated in the feminist and left-leaning movements in these countries. But whereas progressive Swedes view their state as able to set positive goals, Germans (the Greens, especially) mistrust the state on questions of personal morality as a hypocritical and authoritarian threat to self-expression. Only this can explain why Swedes continue overwhelmingly to support their policy, and Germans theirs.

政策制定源于民族和国家之文化和理念，哥德堡大学Susanne Dodillet争论道：瑞典和德国的法国都源自女权主义和左翼运动，尽管进步的瑞典人认为政府能做出正确判断，但德国人（尤其绿党）认为政府在审查个人道德方面的举措既伪善又独裁、钳制个人言论表达。因此两国在各自表述中越走越远。

From the print edition: Europe

Why does cycling have podium girls?

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23159766

Magazine Monitor A collection of cultural artefacts
BBC杂志，观察、搜集社会百态

Cyclist Chris Froome being kissed by podium girls

自行车运动员Chris Froome桃花满面

There are not many jobs that include cheek-kissing in the formal duties

包含吻脸颊这类内容的工作，往日真心不多。

Every stage of the Tour de France ends with the leading cyclists on the podium. There are always two women whose duty it is to give them their coloured jersey and kiss them on the cheek, writes Annie Flury.

环法赛每站都有一名领骑手站上颁奖台，一般有两名女性负责给选手颁发各种颜色领骑衫、并在选手脸颊附上香吻，Annie Flurry写道。

Some might view "podium girls" as a little anachronistic. But they are a feature in Europe's biggest races including the Giro d'Italia and Vuelta a Espana.

部分人觉得“颁奖女郎”似乎有点过时，她们可是欧洲大赛包括环意赛和环西赛的组成部分。

The Tour hostesses, as they are officially known, are chosen from hundreds who apply every year.

主办方从每年从数百人中挑选大家所熟知的颁奖女郎。

Decades ago they were usually selected from the town hosting the stage finish and merely had to be under 30 and roughly the same height. Now hopefuls are generally put forward by modelling agencies and whittled down to just 20 by the Tour's main sponsor, French bank LCL.

几十年前，每分站选出统一高度，30岁以下的女性。如今，赛会主要赞助商里昂信贷银行，委托模特公司遴选，并将年龄降至20。

Magalie Thierry, who is studying for a PhD in biology, is working as a podium girl for the second year. "Each day working here seems like a dream."

生物博士后Magalie Thierry，做颁奖女郎2年了，“这里每天的工作恍如梦幻。”

The majority of the job is public relations, looking after VIPs and journalists, she says. "The podium is just 'a plus'. Maybe the ceremony could seem out of date but most of the public loves it. I think podium girls give a little touch of femininity to this sport."

颁奖女郎主要的工作是公关，照顾VIP和记者们，“颁奖是锦上添花”。颁奖环节颇过时，但大众似乎很受落。我想是因为颁奖女郎给自行车这项运动注入了女性的气息。

Peter Sagan was widely criticised for pinching a podium girl's bottom

Peter Sagan因捏颁奖女郎屁股而广受批评 

The hostesses kiss the victor on the cheek, but, curiously, actually talking to the riders is a bit of a no-no.

女郎吻胜利者脸颊，很奇怪，与选手交谈却被禁止。

In 2003, podium girl Melanie Simonneau was sacked for accepting a note from stage winner George Hincapie. The couple went on to marry. Slovakian cyclist Peter Sagan had to apologise earlier this year after pinching the bottom of a hostess at the end of the Tour de Flanders.

2003年，颁奖女郎Melanie Simonnea被辞退，因为收了分站冠军George Hincapie递的纸条，两人后来完婚。斯洛伐克选手Peter Sagan，今年为自己在环荷赛末段捏颁奖女郎屁股的行为道歉。

And there are those who think of the whole business of podium girls as a little antediluvian.

还有很多人认为颁奖女郎这类物事非常原始。

"I would like to think that by the 21st Century women would be more than just beautiful ornaments to stand beside successful men," says Laura Weislo, deputy editor of Cyclingnews.com. "The only time that you see a female presence on television in professional cycling is the models on the podium, and it only heightens the inequality in the sport."

“我想一个21世纪的女人不应只是一件拄在男人旁边的漂亮物件”，Cyclingnews.com副主编Laura Weislo说，“专业自行车赛事当中，你唯一能看见的女性就是颁奖女郎，这加剧了这项运动的性别不平等。”

Kelly "Minx" Riordan, a journalist and podium hostess in cyclo-cross, where riders tackle shorter courses over more varied terrain, says the Tour hostesses are an essential part of tradition. "It wouldn't be a proper ceremony without them," she says. "These are talented women in their own right. They shouldn't be dismissed simply as eye candy."

绰号“浪姐”的记者Kelly Riordan，同时也担任自行车公路越野赛事的颁奖女郎。公路越野赛程短，覆盖地形更广泛。Kelly Riordan说，颁奖女郎是传统的重要组成部分，若缺少她们，颁奖仪式将有所欠缺，有头脑的女性腹有诗书气自华，不应该被简单视为养眼花瓶。

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